Tag Archives: shark

Te Papa research online on National Geographic website

Recently, I published with my colleagues from Te Papa Fish Team and Massey University some interesting findings about a fantastic group of species: hagfishes. Those primitive deep-sea fishes repulse any predator attack using their slime. I present examples of how hagfish stop the attack from shark several times their sizes. And it even looked easy… The paper also documents a first ever observed predating behaviour of hagfishes in the wild. We thought they were only eating dead or dying animals, but now we know that they can also hunt for preys. Combining this with the fact that hagfish have existed on Earth, almost unchanged, for 300 millions years and are the ancestors of all vertebrates, they are quite impressive animals! You can download the open-access paper here.

Those videos got National Geographic attention and were published on their website where you can find other examples of amazing animal behaviours. It is well worth having a look at. Follow this link to the National Geographic video.

Dalatias licha attacking hagfish

The seal shark, Dalatias licha, attacking the common hagfish, Eptatretus cirrhatus

In the meantime, our team is getting ready for another expedition. In about ten days, we are heading down South for almost one month of intensive sampling. This time, we will study fish biology and behaviours off the Otago Peninsula and around the Auckland Islands which are part of the Sub Antarctic islands. This is an amazingly wild place to work on! I will post in the coming days more information about this exciting survey.

Speak to you soon,

Vincent

Lights, Camera, Action for the Great White Shark

On Tuesday 28 June, the Great White Shark debuted on his first film set, defrosted and ready for action.

White shark dissection 28 June 2011

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

Andrew Stewart, Collection Manager Fishes managed the team in preparing the shark for its fixing process and dissection with great excitement of what could be discovered.

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

Over the course of the day, a full set of measurements are taken, his stomach is opened, contents identified and he will be prepared for this 4 month fixing in formalin/ water.

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

With help from our great partners, GNS Science, sample tissue from the skin and liver have been removed to under go Stable Isotope Analysis which will provide a snapshot in time of what the shark has been eating.

And while all of this is happening, the Te Papa Picture Library Team, Becky Masters and Rebecca Loud, have organised to have the whole process captured on film.

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

Watch this space as a video of this processing will be made available on Te Papa YouTube channel and will be available for licensing through Te Papa Picture Library.

Te Papa’s YouTube channel
Picture Library 

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

White shark dissection 28 June 2011, Jean-Claude Stahl - Te Papa

Thanks to the team - Andrew Stewart, Matthew Chaplin, Clive Roberts, Jeremy Barker, Tom Schultz, Carl Struthers, Clinton Duffy from DOC.

Becky Masters and Rebecca Loud from Te Papa’s Picture Library.

Remarkable abundance of sharks in the Kermadec Islands

Wed 11/05/11

Our video deployments are revealing day after day a bit more of the particular fish fauna of the Raoul Island. The most remarkable feature we observe is the large amount of sharks. And to be honest, I would not like them to come to close during a dive. Bronze whalers and galapagos sharks are here very common. It is not surprising to find them in high abundance since the area is protected and have consequently not been fished.

Deployment of a video unit

Deployment of a video unit

The survey is progressing well and we hope having completed our deployments in about 2-3 days. The weather is decent, without being exceptional. We had to work every day in 2-3m swells which did not cause us too much problems.

Speak to you soon,

Vincent

Great white shark new arrival at Te Papa

This morning, our fish team went to a small boatshed in Breaker Bay on Wellington’s south coast to pick up a great white shark.  Not your normal morning mission and a bittersweet one at that as these creatures are endagered animals and a protected species.  The shark had been ensnared in a fishing net and was dead by the time the fishermen had pulled it in.

It took 6 of us to lift it into the truck and being that close to an animal gives you a true sense of what a beautiful and perfectly made for purpose these creatures are.  The shark is 2.7 metres long so its tail fin didn’t quite fit as you can see in the picture below.  We had to carefully wrap the fin up for the trip back to Te Papa’s laboratories.

The wrapped tail fin protruding from the truck. Photo by Jane Keig

 Back at Te Papa, the team were able to give the specimen a wash and have a closer look.  Andrew Stewart, Te Papa’s Fishes Collection Manager, says that the shark is an immature male and a rare specimen as the shark was on the cusp of moving from fish as its primary food source to marine mammmals.

Cleaning out the mouth. Photo by Jane Keig

When we rolled the shark over to clean its underside, the scientists noticed small parasites which they collected for identification.

The great white shark's underside. Photo by Jane Keig.

Parasites found on the shark. Photo by Jane Keig.

These parasites were even found inside its mouth, buried into its gums and on its tongue.  Andrew says that remora fish feed on these parasites – this shark is its own fully-functioning eco-system!

Inside the mouth of a great white shark. Photo by Jane Keig.

The teeth look quite sharp and pointy but the points weren’t sharp to touch.  The sides of the teeth are serrated and I was pretty happy a strong person was holding up the jaw when I took these photos!

Sensory organs on the shark's head. Photo by Jane Keig.

The shark’s nose and head are covered with jelly-filled sensory organs that look like freckles.  These organs help it to sense electromagnetic pulses given off by its prey. I was amazed at how soft and velvety its skin felt, until I went against the grain and then  it felt quite raspy.

The shark will be frozen in our freezer to maintain the specimen’s integrity until further plans are confirmed.

Impressive deep-sea shark filmed during White Island survey

As research scientist for the Marsden funded project on diversity of deep-sea fishes of New Zealand, I have to analyse hundreds of hours of video footage taken during our surveys. Sometimes, amazing creatures appear on the screen, often when you least suspect it. Here is a shot that really surprised me. I virtually stepped back about a meter from my screen when a large sand tiger shark (Odontaspis ferox Risso, 1810) first swam towards me.

This is a large female, close to 400 cm in length. The species is a rare one, although it has been reported from scattered localities around the world. The sensors attached to our video system recorded a depth of 880 m, exactly the same depth as the deepest known record for the species. However, this species is sometimes spotted at scuba diving depths.

You will have noticed that we are using blue light to illuminate our footage. Indeed, at 880 m depth, there is no natural light or rather I should say no light that can be seen by a human eye. There is still a little bit of light that some deep sea organisms can use to find their prey. We are using blue LED systems because it appears that most fish species that we are interested in cannot see this kind of light. Because our light source is invisible to fishes, they are not disturbed and behave naturally in front of the camera, making our observations more accurate.

More amazing species from the deep to come later! Right now, I have started to process videos from recent fieldwork around Great Barrier Island and Three Kings Islands. In the meantime, you can learn more about our project by visiting the Te Papa Fish Team website.

Te Papa scientists recovering a video unit sent underwater to film deep-sea fish life.

Te Papa scientists recovering a video unit sent underwater to film deep-sea fish life. Note the bait bag at the front which is used to attract the fish towards the camera and the blue light at the top of the frame.

Bites on the whale

It was earlier blogged that the wounds on the whale were from cookie cutter sharks.

Te Papa’s Fish collection manager, Andrew Stewart, came to have a look and this is his expert opinion:

‘Based on where the whale came ashore, the scars are probably from the cookie cutter rather than the seal shark (a larger shark species found in colder waters).

Many marine mammals carry the scars from encounters with these sharks. They have been likened to a swarm of wasps as these sharks sometimes occur in schools.

Tuna fishermen hate them as the bites can significantly reduce the market value of their fish. Fortunately for whales, a thick layer of blubber affords some protection from these unique predators!’

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