Tag Archives: Uncinia

Te Papa botanists attend recent systematic botany conference

Botanists from Te Papa recently attended and presented some of their research at the 2010 Australian Systematic Botany Society (ASBS) Conference. Notably, this is only the second time the annual ASBS Conference has been held in New Zealand.

The theme of this year’s meeting was, “Systematic botany across the ditch: links between Australia and New Zealand”. Collaborative research on Australasian plants by scientists from both countries was highlighted throughout the four-day conference at Lincoln University hosted by Landcare Research and the New Zealand Plant Radiation Network (NZPRN).

About half of the 100 attendees were from Australia and half from New Zealand, including four of us from Te Papa. The conference was an excellent opportunity for us to network with colleagues, as well as to showcase the botanical research happening at Te Papa.

Leon Perrie gave a talk co-authored by Lara Shepherd (Massey University) on their genetic work on fierce lancewood (Pseudopanax ferox).

Leon Perrie at the end of his talk on Pseudopanax, with Ilse Breitwieser (Landcare Research), Nov 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

Leon Perrie at the end of his talk on Pseudopanax, with Ilse Breitwieser (Landcare Research), Nov 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

Pat Brownsey co-authored a talk given by David Glenny on the biogeographic history of New Zealand ferns and liverworts. Carlos Lehnebach discussed the taxonomic implications of his morpholometric study of hook sedges (Unicina spp.).

Carlos Lehnebach giving his talk on Uncinia at the ASBS conference, Dec 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

Carlos Lehnebach giving his talk on Uncinia at the ASBS conference, Dec 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

 Heidi Meudt summarized her systematics research on native Plantago species.

As many of the New Zealand botanists who attended the conference are also members of the NZPRN, we took the opportunity to have a short NZPRN meeting. Heidi Meudt and Andrew Clarke (Otago University) co-presented a short workshop on how to contribute to the NZPRN wiki.

Andrew Clarke (Otago University) and Heidi Meudt presenting a wiki workshop to members of the New Zealand Plant Radiation Network (NZPRN) at the ASBS conference, Dec 2010. Photo by Carlos Lehnebach, © Te Papa.

Andrew Clarke (Otago University) and Heidi Meudt presenting a wiki workshop to members of the New Zealand Plant Radiation Network (NZPRN) at the ASBS conference, Dec 2010. Photo by Carlos Lehnebach, © Te Papa.

More photos of the conference can be seen here and here.

On the last day, many participants went on the field trip to get a first-hand look at the floras of montane forests and alpine herbfields in the Arthur’s Pass area. It was the perfect way to end a great conference!

Otira Valley, Arthur's Pass National Park, ASBS 2010 field trip, Dec 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

Otira Valley, Arthur's Pass National Park, ASBS 2010 field trip, Dec 2010. Photo by Heidi Meudt, © Te Papa.

Te Papa in Botanical Bulletin

A new issue of the Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin has just been published.

Included are three articles by Te Papa staff:

• Curator Carlos Lehnebach describes his research on Uncinia hook-sedges.

• Research Scientist Heidi Meudt writes about her study of Ourisia (native foxgloves).

• I have co-authored an article illustrating, differentiating, and mapping each of the Pseudopanax species (lancewoods and five-fingers).

A native foxglove (Ourisia), Taranaki. Photo by Leon Perrie. © Leon Perrie, Wellington.

Mountain lancewood (Pseudopanax linearis), Heaphy Track. Photo by Leon Perrie. © Leon Perrie, Wellington.

 Other articles deal with: searches for an uncommon grass (Simplicia), an extinct scurvy “grass” (Lepidium), and an uncommon aquatic moss (Fissidens berteroi); ecological restoration; history of Otari-Wilton’s Bush; Wellington diatoms; Coprosma hybrids; plants around the National War Memorial’s Carillon; and the obituaries of two Society stalwarts.

The Bulletin is issued free to all members of the Society.

Wellington Botanical Society membership.

Disclaimer: I’m the Bulletin’s editor.

Te Papa blog posts on Uncinia.

Te Papa blog posts on Pseudopanax.

Folding up to save water

Did you know that Hook Grasses can control water loss by folding up their leaves? 

Contrary to their common name,  Hook Grasses are not grasses but Sedges and they belong to the family Cyperaceae.  Sedges are commonly found in wet or poorly drained habitats. Hook Grasses, however, can be found in a much greater diversity of habitats.

In New Zealand, Hook Grasses can grow in costal scrub, forests, swamps, grasslands or herbfields in sub-alpine and alpine habitats.

 

Habitat of a native New Zealand hooked grass. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Habitat of a native New Zealand Hook Grass. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Although Hook Grasses have colonised drier habitats, water is still important for their survival and they use a very clever system, operated by so-called bulliform cells, to regulate water loss. Bulliform cells are large, bubble-shaped cells found in the upper surface of the leaves. In Hook Grasses these cells are found all along the midrib. 

Cross section of a leaf of a hooked grass under the microscope. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Cross section of a leaf of a Hook Grass under the microscope. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

When water availability is low, these cells shrink causing the leaf blade to fold. Each side of the leaf blade, at either side of the midrib, moves towards each other like closing a book. By folding their leaves these sedges reduce the area exposed to sunlight and therefore water loss by evaporation. 

This mechanism allows water to be maintained inside the plant. Once water is available again, these cells enlarge and the leaf blade unfolds again.

About hooks, hairy legs and sedges!!

Tramping in New Zealand forests can be an enjoyable and very relaxing activity. However, if your legs are hairy, it could be a painful and very annoying experience. Camouflaged among ferns and ground orchids, hook grasses are waiting, ready to clasp to the hairs or clothing of any unwary tramper.

Hook grasses get their name from a hook-like structure which arises from the base of the ovary of each female flower.

hook&stigma

Detail of a receptive female flower of Uncinia zotovii indicating hook and stigmas. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

 

This structure allows dispersal of the achene, a single seed produced by each female flower, to other sites by clasping to the hairs, or feathers, of any animal (or hairy tramper) passing by.

achene

Seed (achene) of a native hook sedge. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

 

Flowers in Uncinia are unisexual, that is male and female reproductive structures are on separate flowers. In Uncinia, female flowers are at the base of the spike while male flowers are at the top.

spike-details-blog

Mature spike of Uncinia caespitosa indicating female and male sections. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

 

Only female flowers have a hook. Male flowers are small and have three stamens, which quickly fall off after the pollen is released.

anther&filament

Male flowers of Uncinia and detail of stamens. Photo by C.A. Lehnebach (c) Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

 

New Zealand is the diversity hotspot for Uncinia, however, little is known about their ecology and the actual number of species is still uncertain. Some species are so variable that it is possible they may consist of two or more species.

As part of my work in Te Papa I have investigated a group of morphologically variable Uncinia. The main goals of my study were to understand the cause(s) of this variability and to produce revised descriptions for these species to make their identification easier.

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