Tag Archives: ecology

Sense and Sensibility in the Southern Ocean – A character-building story of albatross and researcher personalities in extreme conditions. Part 3. Arriving at the Crozet Islands

After a days delay while we took part in an exercise involving the French Navy, we finally sighted the Crozet Islands as the sun cast its water rays over a cold deep blue-grey sea. Suddenly the bird life around the boat changed from the occasional white-chinned petrel and wandering albatross, to flights of little prions, giant petrels, and positively hoards of wandering albatross.

Arriving at the Crozet Islands, Ile de la Possession in the early morning clouds. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

Arriving at the Crozet Islands, Ile de la Possession in the early morning clouds. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

But possibly the most extraordinary thing that catches your ears and eyes immediately is the whistling of king penguins, then you catch sight of them popping the cheeky little heads out of the water, and gaggling and splashing for their morning ‘ablutions’ in the sea around the boat. We arrive in the middle of Baie du Marin, also home to several thousand of the beasties, and they seem to look at us with curiosity rather than fear or annoyance.

Unloading at Baie du Marin, Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

Unloading at Baie du Marin, Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

These islands have their own version of a weka, the Sheathbill, a curious, yet somehow grotesque pigeon sized creature, which spends its life living off the left-overs of other animals. They were present in numbers around the penguin colony. I’d been warned in advance to not put anything small and portable down on the ground, like gloves, lens-caps or food, lest it fall prey to these rather unadorable creatures. In terms of character, these guys rate around 8/10, possibly above the rather cuter King Penguins (7/10 for good looks, funny behaviours, and overall characterfulness).

Sheathbill at Baie du Marin. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

Sheathbill at Baie du Marin. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

We make our way up to the base, after the obligatory 50 cheek-kisses and hand-shakes, via the only road vehicle on the island, a four-wheel drive ute. The base houses 30 or so people in the summer time, and has modern buildings (bedrooms complete with en suite bathrooms – luxury) as well as some more ‘original’ tractor sheds and work areas. Research bases in these far flung corners tend to be a mixture industrial and commercial looking architecture, but inside, they are really quite homely.

French Research Base Alfred Faure at the Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

French Research Base Alfred Faure at the Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

The landscape is desolate, yet somehow strikingly beautiful, with light playing on the grass and moss swards as thin slivers of milky sunlight make their way through patches in the clouds. The silence, or rather rustling of the wind still seems surreal after the constant hum of the vessel over the last week. The dominant plants are mosses, with Aceanas and other low growing herbs providing colour.

Aceanas and rusty relics at Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

Aceanas and rusty relics at Crozet Islands. Image: Susan Waugh, © Te Papa

Our next day is at the Base getting prepared for our field work, then we make our way over the hills to the point at the north of the island and its little field hut called Point Basse.

This is home to one of the best studied albatross populations in the world. Our lack of tele-connection to the outside world may mean that blogs from there are fairly sparse! However, we may have enough visitors during our 5 week stay to allow me to send some more updates as the study progresses.

Restoring our surrounds

I went to a very interesting Wellington Botanical Society talk last night, by Paul Blaschke of Friends of Owhiro Stream. Paul was talking about their work revegetating the catchment of the Owhiro Stream in southern Wellington.

It stimulated an intriguing discussion about how and what we should be restoring, which in turn relates to what our goals for conserving biodiversity are.

Ecological restoration is a vexed issue, with many controversial aspects, so it was good to discuss, learn, debate, and think.

For instance, some people believe that only plants present in an area before humans arrived should be used in restoration.

Collections of plant specimens, like that held by Te Papa, can play an important role in establishing where plants are/were distributed.

Houpara, coastal five-finger, Pseudopanax lessonii, is native to the northern North Island, but not to Wellington. However, after being introduced by people, it now grows wild in Wellington (and many other parts of New Zealand outside its native range [http://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2009/06/10/our-promiscuous-pseudopanax-plants/]). There are now a reasonable number of New Zealand plants occurring wild outside their indigenous distributions, entirely as a result of human activities. Photo by Leon Perrie. (c) Leon Perrie, Wellington.

Houpara, coastal five-finger, Pseudopanax lessonii, is native to the northern North Island, but not to Wellington. However, after being introduced by people, it now grows wild in Wellington (and many other parts of New Zealand outside its native range). There are now a significant number of New Zealand plants occurring wild outside their indigenous distributions, entirely as a result of human activities. Photo by Leon Perrie. (c) Leon Perrie, Wellington.

Other people go even further when considering restoration, saying that only locally-derived material should be used.

 Photo by Leon Perrie. (c) Leon Perrie, Wellington.

Mahoe, Melicytus ramiflorus, occurs indigenously throughout most of New Zealand. For restorations in, say, Wellington, should only material derived from local-Wellington sources be used? Or, is it okay to use mahoe plants from anywhere? Photo by Leon Perrie. (c) Leon Perrie, Wellington.

But, is it practically possible to ensure such ‘eco-sourcing’? Do the costs outweigh the benefits?

And, what geographic scale is appropriate for eco-sourcing? Should plants be from the same province, river-catchment, …, or hillside?

Is it already too late, at least for some species/communities/regions, to even attempt to ensure that pre-human patterns are preserved? Has the colloquial horse already bolted? Are the ‘genes’ out of the bottle?

And, on a temporal scale, what are the implications from past and future climate-change? Many lowland New Zealand plants were more widespread during past warmer periods (and, similarly, much restricted when it was colder). Indeed, many warmth-loving plants were eliminated completely from New Zealand during the Ice-Age. Given the dynamism of biodiversity, what are appropriate parameters for restoration targets?

Managing ‘nature’ is often a tricky business…

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